Dimmesdale: The Scarlet Letter Essay

Richard Perle, a political advisor of the 1940s, once said, â€Å"Sometimes the things we†¦ do seem objectionable in the eyes of others† (â€Å"Brainy Quote† 7). This is true of people and situations we encounter in our everyday lives, and all of us are most likely deemed objectionable more frequently than we realize. Our behaviors can appear undesirable, offensive, or scornful to others, while we may not conceive it ourselves. This is certainly true of the way readers perceive Dimmesdale’s actions to be in The Scarlet Letter, an acclaimed novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story is a romance involving characters that have been embroidered so intricately that their natures can be equated to the needlework created by Hester, a protagonist in the story. The complexity of the romance woven into the tale soon consumed the lives of all three of the main characters, to the point where both Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth, the two male characters in the plot, underwent drastic changes. Uncharacteristically, the romance brought out the worst in the characters, allowing the reader to question which of these two men can be considered to have the least admirable of qualities. Arthur Dimmesdale, because of his lack of moral fiber, his inability to living up to the values of both the Puritan and Christian beliefs of his ministry, his cowardice, and his hypocrisy, is by far the most objectionable character of the two. Unable to control his lustful impulses, Arthur Dimmesdale committed adultery with Hester, and sired their illegitimate child, Pearl. Dimmesdale’s immorality defied all that he preached as a minister, as well as the commandments of his Christian faith. Dimmesdale made an extremely poor decision. To make matters worse, while Hester continued to be publicly scorned for her sin of adultery, Dimmesdale’s chose to conceal his part in this sin from the public. He left the entire burden of this sin on Hester’s slim shoulders. Because of his unwillingness to confess sleeping with another man’s wife, Dimmesdale lived a life of guilt and adopted vigils involving self-harm; â€Å"In Mr. Dimmesdale’s secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge. Often times [he] had plied it on his own shoulders†¦ it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast† (Hawthorne 289-291). He both fasted and whipped himself, emulating devout Catholics. Dimmesdale failed to open himself to help and choose other forms of repentance, making his choices additional bad stitches in the tapestry of his life. Dimmesdale’s failure to realize that his poor decisions were leading him into a downward spiral and that there were ways to dig himself out of his grave, confirm in the reader his disreputable character. As mentioned before, Dimmesdale’s sin of adultery was kept quiet, as he never publicly confessed his actions, nor took responsibility for them. As the minister of the Boston, he was revered and admired by the entire town. â€Å"â€Å"The godly youth! † said they among themselves. â€Å"The saint on earth! †Ã¢â‚¬ (289), did the congregation exclaim regularly. It is because of this acclaim and Dimmesdale wish to keep his high place in the social hierarchy that he refrained from publicly revealing his true character. The narration comments on Dimmesdale’s practices saying, â€Å"And he himself, in so far as he shows himself in a false light†¦ the only truth that continued to give Mr. Dimmesdale a real existence on this earth was the anguish in his inmost soul,† (293). The only truth was his anguish. The minister continued to struggle with himself, and after one night of his dangerous vigils, staggered to the scaffold on which Hester had stood years earlier, in an attempt at confession. Pearl and Hester, coming back from an errand, joined him and Pearl asked if he would stand with her and her mother at noontide. Dimmesdale’s reply disappointed her as he said, â€Å"â€Å"Nay; not so, my little pearl! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ for, with the new energy of the moment, all the dread of public exposure, that had so long been the anguish of his life, had returned upon him†¦ â€Å"Not so†¦ I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee one other day, but not to-morrow† (307). In this instance, Dimmesdale disregarded his wishes to liberate his soul and once again refused to own his sin. For some time, Dimmesdale was patient and carried on with his life, but his patience slowly metamorphosed into cowardice, a despicable trait in a man. Further supporting the argument that Dimmesdale was a hypocrite, is the fact that he preached prodigious sermons on the topic of morality and confession, but was unable to live up to their messages. Roger Chillingworth stated this to Hester, â€Å"his spirit lacks the strength that could have borne up, as thine has, beneath a burden like thy scarlet letter† (343). Dimmesdale could preach the consequences of sin, but could neither keep himself from sinning nor own up to his sin. When Hester was put onto the scaffold, Dimmesdale spoke to her directly, as he was directed to do by the magistrates, in an effort to force her to speak of her sinner, and said, â€Å"Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him†¦ though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life†¦ Thy silence †¦ compel him†¦ to add hypocrisy to sin? † (133). Dimmesdale argued that if her lover were to step down from his high status onto the scaffold beside Hester, it would be better than for him to hide his sin for eternity. Yet, Dimmesdale, the sinner, did not do this. Lastly, Dimmesdale stated when meeting with Hester, â€Å"I should long ago have thrown off these garments of mock holiness, and have shown myself to mankind as they will see me at the judgment-seat. Happy are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! † (383-385) and ultimately expressed to her his jealousy towards her. He envied how public her sin was and stated that he was in agony because his scarlet letter burned in secret. Yet, he, coward and hypocrite that he was, refused to state his sin to the entirety of Boston. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale cannot have his cake and eat it too. His impotence was contemptible. As a minister and leader of the town, he should have been able to remain strong and reinvent himself. Some readers may argue that Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, was the more abominable of the two, claiming that he wed Hester knowing she did not love him and that he did not love her, tormented both Hester and Dimmesdale, and turned into a devil. In order to fully understand and empathize with Chillingworth, the reader must consider things from his point of view, climb into his skin and walk around in it. It was common in Puritan times for couples to wed for money and security rather than for love. Many of these loveless marriages were successful. In addition, Chillingworth’s â€Å"torments† towards Hester and Dimmesdale were out of passion towards his wife. He, like any other man, felt it necessary to remain close to his wife, regardless of the lack of love felt between them. Yes, Chillingworth did turn into a bit of a devil in the end, lusting after vengeance towards Dimmesdale. But Dimmesdale turned into a floppy, soggy, mush of fabric, unable to support himself. Chillingworth was still able to support himself, and properly chase after and acquire his goal. Dimmesdale was not. In summation, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale was an objectionable character not only because of his cowardice, but because of his hypocrisy, lack of moral fiber, and poor choices. Ambrose Bierce, a journalist in the 1940s caveats to his readers, saying â€Å"note the particulars in which one person or thing is, if possible, more objectionable than another. † (â€Å"Think Exist†, 9). And as readers of The Scarlet Letter, we do just that; the audience realizes the altogether disgraceful character of Dimmesdale, a man whose life came apart at the seams because of love, but who, because of his poor choices, was unable to stitch his muddled tapestry back together. In many ways, The Scarlet Letter is actually Dimmesdale’s story, as the central struggle is his. The other characters employ nearly fixed positions while the minister must – in one sensational decision – dismantle his actions of seven years’ time. And it is that reversal that marks his defeat over himself and marks the apex of the novel. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: A Kaplan SAT Score-raising Classic. New York: Kaplan Pub. , 2006. Print. â€Å"Objectionable Quotes and Quotations. † Think Exist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Objectionable Quotes. † BrainyQuote. Xplore, n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

Monologue and Attitude Revealed through Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’ Essay

The 16th century poem My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is a monologue of a Duke showing an audience the painting of his late wife. Browning, in this poem, as in many of his poems, uses monologue to reflect on the concepts and notions of his time.   This particular monologue reflects on the perception of women in the 16th century, and in particular, aristocratic women. In this particular monologue, like many of Browning’s monologues, we get not only a feeling for the Duke’s character, but also a feeling about the expectations of a particular class and a particular gender—basically, a women must be obedient to her husband, and any independence is frowned upon. Browning typically used monologue in many of his poems to use this affect—basically, he creates a character to reflect on his own feelings of society, but by using the character, he is able to somewhat mask, or hide behind, that character’s observations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this monologue, we see the Duke as a particularly jealous man. His suspicion would be easily aroused every time his wife thanked someone, especially if it was another man, for a small favor done to her. The Duke thinks that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-years-old-name (line 33)† was the most valuable gift his wife received from her and thus, she should have not just given away her smile and blush for anyone but him. He saw this attitude as a kind of stooping down on her part and in turn, an insult on him and his position in society.   Ã‚  The monologue thus reveals a lot about the main character that is speaking, and in this poem, it is the Duke: The style and structure of this poem play a significant role in the effect of the poem.   As is typical of Browning’s poems, â€Å"My Last Duchess† is written as a dramatic monologue: one speaker relates the entire poem as if to another person present with him.   This format suits this poem particularly well because the speaker, taken to be the Duke of Ferrara, comes across as being very controlling, especially in conversation (My Last Duchess Analysis). When he got tired of these exchanges of smiles between his wife and other people, he â€Å"gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together (Browning, lines 45-46).† This ambiguous statement gives the reader a clue as to how the Duchess became an ex-wife. It is not specific, however, so that one can only guess as to what happened—maybe he had her killed or sent her away where she died. From these absurd, oftentimes ridiculous, and obviously arrogant words, the reader can conclude that the Duke was a controlling husband. Lines 50 onwards tell the reader that the Duke is looking for a new wife and the person whom he is showing the painting to, is the assistant or messenger of a Count whose daughter the Duke is eyeing as a prospective wife. The talk he would have later with the Count would be about the arrangement of his next marriage (My Last Duchess Discussion).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Duke represents the traditional male and his attitude towards his late wife mirrors the attitude and expectations of a patriarchal and Victorian society towards women in his monologue. The society of that time expected women to simply obey. She should only reserve her charms for her husband. She must not even try to be beautiful in her own painting. The mere act of being happy, pleasant to anyone regardless of rank and stature in life, and to love the simple pleasures in life as watching the sunset or riding a mule in the case of the Duchess, were all considered acts of unfaithfulness. In short, it was a sin to be naturally beautiful and to have a happy disposition. Men liked to control their wives. Being the only one who could open the curtain to reveal the painting of his beautiful and smiling late wife is symbolic of how this man would do anything to control his wife. If he couldn’t stop his wife from smiling at anyone when she was still alive, at least when she was dead and only lived through her painting the Duke could finally decide as to whom to share his wife’s smiles and charms. Through the painting done by a master, she has also became the expensive commodity that she should have been while living, but a role of which she never assumed because she stooped to being accessible to anyone, much to the disappointment of her husband, the Duke. Noble women should assume the position that their rank in society expected them to and this meant they should be unreachable in the eyes of commoners. They should not be easily pleased with trifle matters like favors from servants. Finally, the talk of arranging his new marriage with the father of his future bride suggests how women were not allowed to express an opinion even to the important topic of whom to spend the rest of their life with. Women were commodities traded upon by men and they have price tags called dowries. By showing the Count’s emissary the painting of his former wife and telling him why he didn’t like her conduct sends the message as to how he expects his next wife to behave. Otherwise, she might become another Last Duchess, another hidden painting in the house. Therefore, this monologue, like many of Browning’s monologues, reflects on his interpretations of his society.   However, by using a character’s reflections on a particular thought, Browning can somewhat mask his inner feelings and thoughts.   The aspects of his reflections come across clearly, and in this monologue, Browning is obviously taking a deeper look at the treatment of women. Work Cited Browning, Robert. My Last Duchess.   2009 April 21. 2011 May 4. . My Last Duchess Analysis.   2007 January 7. 2011 May 4. My Last Duchess Discussion.   2008 May 14.   2011 May 4.

Carsales for International Journal of Management help

Car and bikes have become the lifeline for the peoples in the cities, especially in Australia. It is seen that that the number of the cars per house is approximately 2 or more. But where these cars comes from and how the people get it, the answer is the carsales.com. Also known as the ASX: CAR is one of the largest online automobile selling organisation. IT deals with cars, bikes, supercars and marine automobiles. The organisation structure has not only attracted a huge number of the customers in the Australia but also all over the world. It has many of the subsiders which all together have more than 600 employees (Kane et al. 2015). The organisation not only deals with the automobiles but also helps the customer by providing proper and world class equipment’s for the automobiles. This paper is about the nature of the business that the organisation does and how it beneficial for the customers. Also this paper includes the governance structure of the organisation and the police s of the origination. The paper also provides a brief about the risks that the organisation faces in the modern generation time (Bower 2018). The roles of the corporate officers are also part of the paper which deals with the work that the officers does and their work affects the working of the organisation. Further that how the organisations works with the risk management also reflects in this paper. One of the major thing that is to be considered while selling automobiles, the governance policy is also on of the major aspect , this paper highlight the regulatory requirements that helps the organisation for the work of regulatory requirements of the organisation. Also the IS systems and the IT management issues are also highlighted. The carsales.com is one of the leading automobile selling industry in the Australia. The entire business of the organisation runs in the online platform that is it uses the information technology for the business enhancement (Leite et al. 2015). The work of the industry is very simple, that is it has created and platform though which the users can search for the cars or bike or truck, accessories, farming equipment and any other automobile that the user wants to buy or sell. Interested customers can search for the same, the organisation helps with the process from location to the buying process while taking a minimal fee for the same (Susskind and Susskind 2015). The mission of the organisation according to the systems is to provide helpful services in the industry to reduce the cost of the automotive advertise in the country. The vision of the organisation is to provide a smooth car buying and selling journey to the Australians. It also provides the customers with each and every det ails about the car whether it is a new or a old platform before buying (Busse, Knittel and Zettelmeyer 2013). If an owner wants to sell a particular car, all the owner has to do is to fill the form available in the website and the upload pictures, of the car. When the confirmation is done and payment is confirmed, officials come and checks the condition of the car and approves it. Then the advertisement of the car is given in page of the website. It uses many of the advanced technology for the same (Grant 2016). It uses the information systems for the purpose of the developing the website it needs for the business. The organisation has a very profound data base that helps the organisation to store the most accurate information about the cars and the details of the customers. Also it uses the cloud system which helps the organisation is maintain the proper order. It can be said that using information technology has helped the organisation a lot in developing the nature of the busines s in this competitive world. The organisation a very strict and advanced governance policies which helps the organisation in the process of the business policy. It helps the organisation to maintain a good decorum in the business. The Governance, is program that helps in maintain the roles of the individuals and the management roles which helps in defining the management roles and the polices for taking a better decision for the organisation (Scholes 2015). The agreement paper of the organisation includes many of the parameters that the user must full fill before starting with the carsales.com. Some of policies are These are some of the basic policies that the customer has to follow, apart from these there are several other such policies that the organisation needs to follow. The employees of the organisation also has to follow certain rules that the organisation has to follow (Vignola, McDaniels and Scholz 2013).   Every employee of the organisation has a specific set of the rules that has be followed. There is special team in the organisation which looks into the matters of this factors. All the customer’s needs to follow the set of the rule and the regulation in order to use the platform of the organisation. Corporate officials the employees of the organisation who are the head. These people are responsible for every movement of the organisation. All the decisions are that re made by them affects the entire work process of the organisation. Here are given some of the names of the people who are the brains and the mind of the organisation. Chairman: Richard Collins, the current Chairman and director of the organisation has been working for the organisation since the past 18years (Xue et al. 2013). He is the head of board of the directors and confirms every decision that the organisation needs to take. Managing Director & CEO:   Cameron McIntyre is the managing director and the CEO of the organisation. He is responsible for all the sales and the services of the organisation, without his confirmation none of the moves are approved (Uslaner 2013).   He is been serving the organisation since the year of the 2016. The carsales.coms entire business plan is made by him in the resent years and the use of the modern technology is also an idea of him. Being a degree holder from the Harvard school of business knows each and every aspect of the business and uses his mind for the development of the same. Non-Executive Director:   The work of the non-executive director does not shows a breakup in the regular day to day work, but in the polies and planning of the organisation. The role of the non-executive director is to make the plan and polices for the organisation. Also the work of the Non-Executive Director is to monitor the activities of the ceo and the chairman of the organisation and to include more and more shareholders for the organisation (Touchon et al. 2013). Wal Pisciotta OAM, Kim Anderson, Patrick O'Sullivan, Edwina Gilbert are the Non-Executive Directors of the organization who looks in the smooth going of the business of the organisation., General Counsel and Company Secretary: The work of the general counsel and the company secretory is to look into the legal matters of the organisation. Nicole Birman is women who looks into all these staffs on behalf of the organisation. These are the few people who looks in the top level matters of the organisation and helps the organisations smooth going and helping in the development of the organisation. The policies that the organisation has is well compiled to the governmental reforms of the country. The organisation follows the norms that are given by the government and does not include any practice that is illegal (Shareholder.carsales.com.au. 2018). The selling and the buying of the cars and the other automobiles are in accordance to the government of the organisation. Further the organisation checks all the papers of the cars and the validity of the owner who is selling the item.   When a person is buying an automobile, a check for the person is also done by the organisation. The registration number of the car, owner details are the other such things (Unger, Gemà ¼nden and Aubry 2012). The customer needs to validate all the documents like the paper of the car, the pollution papers and other papers that are related to the systems. This is done for the betterment of the customers and to keep the organisation in the safe side. This is made sure that no illegal deal is done via the platform of the organisation.   Risk mitigation is the technique to reduce the number of the risk in minimum number by the process of proper risk analysis method. An incessant, pre-emptive and methodical process of categorising, assessing and managing risk in line with the accepted risk levels to provide reasonable assurance as to achieving the expected result .The organisation uses on some of the strong computer architectures for the betterment of the systems and the websites (Schwartz 2017). In any organisation risk is one of the major factor that affects the business. In case of this organisation there are also some of the major risk are, if the car is a stolen one and some ones is trying to sell the car using fake papers. Other than this the user who may use fake profile to buy any cars can also be called risk. Some of the other minor risk are that if the one confirms to sell the car and later deny it. This are some of the issues that the organisation faces can be solved by verifying the user and charging t he user beforehand (Welford 2016). Other than this some of the major risk that the organization can face in terms of the information technology are blocking of the websites, hacking of the systems database and other hacks. The organisation uses a strong risk analysis method for getting the prior knowledge of the risk in the systems. There are 5 steps that the organisation follows to analyse any of the risk in the system, first is to identify the major risk that the organisation can face, the second is who will be affected because of the risk, is it the organisation or the clients and the taking appropriate pre causing for removing the risk of the organisation (Lacetera, Pope and Sydnor 2012). The 4 th is to keep a track of the previous risk and to analyse and remove the same (Hemmati 2012). The fifth is to update the risk related issue in the proper interval of time. With the proper assumption of the risk, the organisational woks goes on and the three is smooth flow of the work in the organisation. The customer has a huge role while playing to keep the data’s safe. According to the organisation no customer must share the personal data online and offline to any one other. The use of others account is also one of the major problem, according to company policy no one other than the seller or the buyer can use the account but it does not happens many times it is seen that people use some of others account. This can be one of the major problem for the organisation in maintaining the decorum of the business. Some of the improvements that the organisation needs to do for the betterment of the business are introducing the IT in the business process (Prince 2012). In order to save the websites and the servers form attackers the organisation needs a huge support team which can look after the working of the IT things. Introduction of proper anti-virus and the use of the cloud architectures can help the organisation in the process of saving the data and information of the organisation. Some of the common hacks that can affect the websites are Sql injections, Cross referencing scripting, server side invalidation error, having a strong passwords other such malwares. Further the organisation needs to keep the client data safe, if there is any issue with the client data, the clients may boycott the system of the carsales.com (Huse and Lucinda 2014). The organisation can use the PAAS as a platform for the development and safekeeping of the data. Further the use of the software’s that helps i n the protection of the data can be used. The organisation can also introduce new risk assessment techniques that can help in better analysis of the risk. Further the use of the artificial intelligence can help the organisation regular work and decrease the work pressure of the employees, it can help in the automation of the tasks. Thus, concluding the topic it can be said that the carsales.com is one of the major industry that is working in the Australia for the betterment of the customers. The organisation has a very strong nature of the business that it does. With the increase demands of the cars and the automobile the business of the organisation are increasing with passing days and in the near future may rise to global extent. The organisation can open up global hubs for the selling of the cars globally which can help the organisation to improve. The organisation also needs to reform some of the business patterns and improve some of the business processes for the betterment of the organisation. Also the organisation needs to improve the IS management systems which will help the organisation in having more and more customer. Introducing better it can also help the organisation in defending against malwares and other such attacks. Busse, M.R., Knittel, C.R. and Zettelmeyer, F., 2013. Are consumers myopic? Evidence from new and used car purchases. American Economic Review, 103(1), pp.220-56. Lacetera, N., Pope, D.G. and Sydnor, J.R., 2012. Heuristic thinking and limited attention in the car market. American Economic Review, 102(5), pp.2206-36. Huse, C. and Lucinda, C., 2014. The market impact and the cost of environmental policy: evidence from the Swedish green car rebate. The Economic Journal, 124(578). Prince, R., 2012. Policy transfer, consultants and the geographies of governance. Progress in Human Geography, 36(2), pp.188-203. Hemmati, M., 2012.  Multi-stakeholder processes for governance and sustainability: beyond deadlock and conflict. Routledge. Welford, R., 2016.  Corporate environmental management 1: Systems and strategies. Routledge. Schwartz, M.S., 2017.  Corporate social responsibility. Routledge. Unger, B.N., Gemà ¼nden, H.G. and Aubry, M., 2012. The three roles of a project portfolio management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success.  International Journal of Project Management,  30(5), pp.608-620. Shareholder.carsales.com.au. (2018).  carsales.com.au. [online] Available at: https://shareholder.carsales.com.au/Investor-Centre/?page=Board [Accessed 23 Apr. 2018]. Touchon, J.C., Jimà ©nez, R.R., Abinette, S.H., Vonesh, J.R. and Warkentin, K.M., 2013. Behavioral plasticity mitigates risk across environments and predators during anuran metamorphosis.  Oecologia,  173(3), pp.801-811. Uslaner, E.M., 2013. Trust as an Alternative to Risk.  Public Choice,  157(3-4), pp.629-639. Xue, L., Zhang, C., Ling, H. and Zhao, X., 2013. Risk mitigation in supply chain digitization: System modularity and information technology governance.  Journal of Management Information Systems,  30(1), pp.325-352. Vignola, R., McDaniels, T.L. and Scholz, R.W., 2013. 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Creat a one page course participation and self-assessment Essay

Creat a one page course participation and self-assessment - Essay Example It was also interesting to consider the various countries of Egypt, China, and India and the important geographical features of each. I also stopped to consider the religions unique to each of these lands. Religion seems to divide us today, but it is certainly meant to unify. I wonder if religion was such a divisive issue back during these ancient times. As we moved in Chapter 2 and looked at the ancient Mediterranean, I found myself wanting to travel there. This is a region so steep in history. Not only this, but this history seems alive today. The food in Greece, for example, is so unique and has been around for centuries. It would be great to travel there, see the ancient buildings, and walk on the very streets that people centuries before me had walked. It was equally valuable to learn a bit more about the religious customs associated with this region. They are so different from Egypt, China, and India, yet they are traditional beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation as well. I had never really considered all of the different customs and rituals associated with Judaism and Christianity. I suppose many of these are still practiced today and it would be great to travel to the Mediterranean region of the world and experience up

Cuban Missile Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cuban Missile Crisis - Research Paper Example The Soviet Union plus the United States entered into an agreement through back channels of communication to withdraw the missiles. The United States withdrew it missiles from Turkey while the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles from Cuba (Chayes, 1974). After the communication between the two states, Cuba was not happy about it and considered it a betrayal by the soviet government. The relationship between Cuba and the Soviet Union deteriorated. This meant that mass destruction by nuclear weapons became abolished entirely (Cuban missile crisis, 2011). It ensured that there was diplomacy and bargaining power between the two super powers. The communication between the two made it clear that they could come to a compromise without necessarily going to war. They found a way of peaceful coexistence. The relationship between America and the Soviet Union did not remain cordial for a long time (Cuban missile crisis, 2011). The use of spy cameras and airplanes became predominant since the United States was following up the missiles on the bases of Cuba via satellite. The first telephone â€Å"hotline† became installed in order to offer direct communication between the two presidents. The negotiations were underway, and a compromise reached at (Chayes, 1974). Because of the great relationship, Kennedy got the public confidence after coming to an agreement with the Soviet Union since he became seen as a weak’ leader (Cuban missile crisis, 2011). After Kennedy, Reagan came to power and was able to overwhelm the USSR which brought about the downfall of this Soviet Bloc and also an end to the cold war (Cuban missile crisis, 2011). ... The experts informed Kennedy that he has only 10 days before the missiles are operational (Allison, 1969). Kennedy sets up a committee of National Security Council members to give him advice. The President soon announces that he was putting up a number of naval blockades on Cuba (Chayes, 1974). A number of B52 nuclear bombs became deployed, ensuring an eighth of all of them was airborne every time. On the same night, a Western spy working in Russia got arrested. His last message was that the Soviet attack was imminent (Allison, 1969) On the 23rd of October, Khrushchev provided an explanation that these missile sites were purposefully meant for defending Cuba against external attack (Chayes, 1974). 20 Russian ships became spotted heading to Cuba (Pfiffner, n.d). He accused the United States of piracy, and warned that Russia was preparing a fitting reply to the oncoming aggressor. The first Russian ship docked on the naval blockade on the 25th of October 1962 (Allison, 1969). This was an oil ship, and it was allowed to pass. The other Russian ships carrying dangerous missiles turned back. The US government had secretly offered to remove its missiles located in Turkey. They were to exchange them for the ones in Cuba (Chayes, 1974). On 26th October Russia was still going ahead with building the missile bases (Chayes, 1974). Kennedy began planning a military strike on Cuba. Khrushev sent Kennedy a telegram offering to destroy all the nuclear sites if he would lift the blockade he had placed and to agree not to invade Cuba (Clearly, 2009). The Kennedys’ met with the Russian ambassador and mentioned removing all the missiles located in Turkey (Pfiffner, n.d). Before Kennedy could reply to his letter,

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms Assignment

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms - Assignment Example The major drivers of globalization according to Singer (2004) include social-demographic (regional, cultural), technological, which includes telecommunications, internet and transportation, economic factors like foreign direct investment, profit motives and market share, ecological and environmental factors like pollution and green laws, and political-legal factors like falling trade barriers, political stability and intellectual property. These factors have hence allowed not just the larger establishments such as the MNCs to look across borders but also the smaller entrepreneurs who capitalized on the resources and took advantage of the liberalization. Entrepreneurship has been defined in many ways by different authors and researchers. According to Stevenson, ‘entrepreneurship’ is â€Å"the process whereby individuals become aware of business ownership as an option or viable alternative, develop ideas for business, learn the process of becoming an entrepreneur and undertake the initiation and development of a business† (Chigunta, 2002). Opportunity Recognition (OR) is an important aspect of entrepreneurship (Silverthorne, 2005) and passionate vision distinguishes entrepreneurs from their competitive competitors (McIntyre, 1998). Entrepreneurs have a propensity to take risks and the need for achievement serves as the driving force (Koh, 1996). Hence an entrepreneur is one who is quick to identify an opportunity, take risks, one who is prepared for challenges and adversities and can achieve profits by utilizing the available resources.  

Reseach (criminology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reseach (criminology) - Essay Example Campbell (1981) suggested that males were expected to be prosecuted, whereas females are overlooked. Pollak (1961) indicated that females’ offences were hidden and guilty offenders signified only a small fraction of female crime. Heidensohn (1985) suggests that: A qualitative research design was used in the study. The reason for not using a quantitative research design is that it involves extensive surveys and field researches, which was beyond the scope of the present study. For this paper, extensive research of the available literature on the subject was carried out. Widely representative samples of journals related to the topic were selected. Furthermore, recent data from the British Crime Survey was also used in the study. Secondary data in form of fifty journals and recent facts and figures from the British Crime Survey was used as a research method in the study. The reason for this was that the authors of the journals used in the study had already carried out extensive empirical researches on the matter and their findings could be analyzed to get a comprehensive view of the area under study. Also, the British Crime Survey provided an overall view of the number of crimes committed by men and women. The data collected for the research w as both valid and reliable as empirical research had already been carried out by the authors of the journals selected in the research. Moreover, the British Crime Survey is a reliable source of data. Once the journals had been carefully selected, a careful content analysis of the articles was carried out using the Nvivo software which is a valuable tool in interpreting unstructured qualitative data (QSR international 2010). The limitations of the research are that firstly, the British Crime Survey only provides reported crimes. This means that the there could be variance in the data if the unreported crimes were also included in

Fun Fair in Sat Hill Park Essay Example for Free

Fun Fair in Sat Hill Park Essay It all started out unexpectedly. The storm began to get worse, sounds of the storm roared the atmosphere, with rage. Everything felt like a blur. Fog spurred over the plains of the path, it was as if the path was abandoned, because of silence that brought cries to each to each soul. I could see the people getting ready, taking their places in line. Time was running, fast as an earthquake destroys land within seconds. It was coming to dawn, not waiting for a hold. It was as only one person was allowed to move and goes on hold as a mobile phone. Less than a second ,the storm stopped, happier faces came and they started to run as fast as a bull, hunting its prey. For a while, everyone was in a mind of their own , having fun; and much more. But not for long.Out of no where came 3 men dressed in black with faces hidden and bodies covered with leather jacket and jeans with trainers.They had the same clothes, it was like a uniform. Then ,one man aimed the gun up high;asking for attention but before we knew it ; it was aimed at the nearest person near him..The ground was scattered with body parts detached from the dead body: hands, arms, feet’s and heads. Many started screaming; many cried. But most of all whos in pain was the mother.She lost her son. All of a sudden, I had an urge of walking across the battlefield, screaming to us to be quiet or were dead .It was an awakening response, my heart was racing fast, as I slowly walked through the jaws of death. As I was walking I stopped, it got to a point where I could’t talk no more. I stood still and froze in isolation and a thought, cropped up in my mind, though, I dont want to die and i dont want anymore to die. This thought was eating me inside, the sense of reality had been established, I knew this wasnt a dream. I didnt know what to do. I don’t mind looking at dead flesh but i dont want to make life hard for my parents. I knew without me, they are nothing. All I felt was loneliness and pain, as one day every living soul will bear such a punishment.Another one of them wanted to grab our attention again as everyones lost in their world.The young fellow aimed a bullet at dog. We could see its puppy dog eyes fainting in fear. Suddenly, someone else came and saved the day. The man who was ready to risk his life for all of us spoke for humanity. Asking them for what they want.The answer was nothing. They ran away as soon as a police car came pass.

Link Between Obesity and Social Class

Link Between Obesity and Social Class Critically evaluate and demonstrate the link between rising obesity levels in women from low- income households in the UK with reference to the influence income has on food choice Numerous studies and reports over the past 40 years (Marmot, 2010; Acheson, 1998; DEFRA) have identified social patterning in levels of obesity. Results in the UK have shown a growing trend amongst women from low-income households and obesity. Income along with other social factors influences food choice. There is widespread public and government knowledge that low-income households are most likely to have an unbalanced diet which contributes to poor health outcomes (Marmot, 2010; LINDS, 2007; Acheson 1998). Low-income impacts on obesity by limiting access to resources, the more income a household has the more accessibility to food choices they will have (Sobal Stunkard, 1989). Low-income can be defined as lower than half of the average income (Acheson; 1998). This essay will attempt to explore the causes and consequences of the prevalence of obesity for women from low-income backgrounds whilst taking into account environmental social aspects. Research on dietary behaviours indicate that accessibility and knowledge of healthy practices are significant factors that must be also be considered (American Psychological Association, 2005). In 1997, following the election of New Labour, the government commissioned an inquiry into health inequalities. The Acheson Report followed the inquiry making many recommendations to address health inequalities amongst women, families and children. The report advised the benefits of improving the diet of women and girls to make improvements not only to their own health, but also the health of their children and future families (Acheson, 1998). Likewise, the Health Survey for England (2003) found women from the lower social classes are more susceptible to obesity, no correlation was found for men (Sproston Primatesta, 2004). Elsewhere the global pattern appears to be the same, the World Health Organization carried out a study across 26 countries and found the social gradient of obesity levels consistently higher amongst women than men (Wilkinson Pickett, 2010 pg98). More recent studies such as the Marmot Review (2010) showed income along with other prevalent social factors; social d eprivation and ethnicity increased the risk of obesity for women. The UK has one of the fastest growing rates of obesity in the developed world. This steady increase has led to a society where overweight is the norm (Weight Management Centre, 2010). Despite the increase over the last 50 years there has been a shift in values in modern, developed societies towards slimness as a preferred body shape (Sobal Stunkard, 1989). Conversely, it is interesting to note historical observations of female body weight, for example, in 19th Century Britain, voluptuous women of the middles classes where regarded as objects of beauty, a large curvy figure was a symbol of wealth and high status (Williams Germov, 2009). In developing societies plumpness is portrayed as positive, whereas in developed societies it is seen as negative. An extreme example of this can still be observed in some African cultures where they send young women to fattening huts to gain excessive weight to increase their beauty, status and marriage potential (Brink, 1989). The way we choose and eat food can be deep rooted in complicated cultural reasons. We may choose foods based on what we had as a child, foods that mean something to us, provide feelings of comfort or to aspire to a lifestyle. Food has always been linked to social meanings but never before as it been so widely available and affordable to consume such cheap energy rich foods (Wilkinson Pickett, 2010). In a similar way foods we eat can be habitual and mood enhancing, women more frequently report food cravings than men (Dye Blundell, 1997). New research suggests some high fat high sugar diets can cause changes in the brain comparable to drug addiction, moreover the studies found these brain changes can be passed on to offspring (Society for Neuroscience, 2012) although this research is intriguing the evidence is very limited but future expansion into this area could prove very insightful. Cultural habits and norms develop and change throughout the life course, past events and experiences shape food choice, equally future expectations and social determinants influence food selection. Early in life we develop food roots that in time lead to established diet patterns. The social environment can play a role in food choices we make and may influence patterns of obesity in some groups. Of interest to note is a study that looked at the spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years, finding a link suggesting siblings and friends of the same sex shared an obesity spreading pattern. The study found the link to be strongest with female siblings although it was also present in same sex friends and spouses. This implies obesity as infectious, showing that people are influenced by the appearance and behaviours of social contacts. That said, other imitation behaviours that may occur under the same influence such as exercise and smoking can also have an effect on obesity (Christakis Fowler, 2007). Studies reveal that women from ethnic minority groups living in the UK have a higher obesity rates than men from the same groups (Health Survey for England, 2004). The figures for obesity in women from these groups in particular, Black African and Bangladeshi females, is higher than the rest of the general population. However, the results may be limited due to the small numbers representing some of the ethnic minority groups. According to the Department of Health, Equality Analysis: A call to action on obesity in England (2011), there is not enough evidence available to attribute causative factors to ethnic obesity prevalence in the UK. The correlation between obesity and ethnicity is complex. Some evidence points at underlying genetic susceptibility to obesity related illness such as diabetes made worse by changes in dietary habits , lack of exercise and environmental circumstances (Holmboe-Ottesen Wandel, 2012). The same study looked at the dietary changes of immigrants from low-i ncome countries to Europe, revealing two factors which could alter lifestyle and health outcomes of immigrants. Firstly, acculturation a process whereby the immigrants are influenced by the food culture of the host country, secondly, nutrition transition which has a global trend, for instance, if processed foods are only available to the high income groups in the country of origin, then after migration these foods are more available and cheap, making them appear an ideal choice. The pattern between income inequality and obesity appears to be stronger for women than men (National Obesity Observatory, 2011). In an attempt to understand this pattern it is important to consider many factors. There is a belief that obesity has a genetic predisposition ‘thrifty phenotype’ (Hales Barker, 2001). Whilst genetics can have a role, Wilkinson and Pickett (2010) argue the correlation is not strong enough to explain rapidly increasing obesity over the last 30 years. They suggest the rise in obesity more likely related to changes in society in the way we live such as, increasing food prices, accessibility, the growth in fast food outlets, microwave cooking, poor culinary skills and changes in physical activity levels. It is unclear as to why the obesity pattern for women from low-income groups is stronger than for men, research in this area is limited. What is of concern is the health implications that these women face, startling figures from Healthy Lives, Healthy People (2011) report obese woman are thirteen times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, four times more likely to develop high blood pressure and three times more likely to have a heart attack than a woman of healthy weight. Similar results were reported from Health England (2009) stating women in overweight and obese BMI categories are more likely to be diagnosed with a long standing illness than men, a similar correlation is shown between depression and obesity from the same paper. Pregnancy poses further problems, women from socioeconomic deprivation are more likely to retain weight gained during pregnancy and after birth, age and number of births were also found to be contributing factors (National Obesity Observatory, 2011). The Low-Income Diet and Nutrition Survey (LIDNS) reported price, value, income for food expenditure and quality/freshness of the food as the main influences affecting food choice. With 44% of women surveyed indicating they would like to change their diets. Several studies (DEFRA, LIDNS, Acheson), have shown low-income groups are more likely to consume unbalanced diets and have a lower fruit and vegetable intake, they also have reduced levels of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre with higher intakes of white bread, processed meats and sugar (Dowler, 2007). It can be argued that the obesity pattern in women from low-income groups is a consequence of globalisation and the resulting problems it leads to with job security leading to pressure on low-income individuals and families which creates an environment that encourages over consumption of high energy foods, in an area where working hours are longer with less time to prepare food thereby opting for cheap, convenience fast-foods which inevitably have a higher fat content, this shift in working patterns means people are more likely to consume convenience foods but be less likely to burn off the extra calories (Qvortrup, 2003). Increased demand in convenience foods associated with changi ng lifestyles over the past 20 years, has given rise to a food evolution (Buckley, Cowan, McCarthy, 2007). For some accessibility to healthy food on a low-income is a problem (Dowler, 2008). Living in low-income urban areas often means limited opportunities for daily exercise and reduced access to stores that sell healthy foods (Black, 2008). It could be said that income is the biggest indicator in food choice as it often determines the quality and accessibility of food, but income can also be a contributing factor in education, housing, safety and transport, for example income often determines where you can live. It can be argued, if lack of income was the main cause in rising obesity levels, the greatest increase would be seen in the highest-income groups since they would be able to afford to buy more food. This is not the case, obesity has a new social distribution. In the UK and other developed countries it is the lower income groups who have the highest growth in obesity rates, no longer is it the case where the rich are fat and the poor are thin (Wilkinson and Pickett 2010). Quality of food eaten may be an important indicator for low-income women. The cost of food has risen dramatically, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (2011) reported food prices to have increased by 12% between 2007 and 2011. The report showed the poorest are most affected by price increases with  £1 in every  £6 being spent on food for the poorest 20%, compared with  £1 in every  £9 for all UK households. LIDNS (2007) reported 39% of low-income households sometimes worried about having no money to buy food, 36% said they could not afford balanced meals, with 22% reported skipping meals. Education is a component of socio-economic status that may be associated with obesity. People with higher education levels are more likely to make healthier food choices A study using diet data from the UK Womens Cohort Study (Morris, Hulme, Clarke, Edwards, Cade, 2014) used a food cost database to estimate cost of dietary patterns using diet records, the results they found show a significant association between diet and cost, with a healthy diet costing twice as much as an unhealthy one. The results also demonstrated those subjects who consumed the healthiest diet have a higher SES indicated by education and occupation. Allowances should be made for overestimations and bias to the results of this study which used a food frequency questionnaire, it should also be noted, the data collected was from the diet survey 1995-1998 therefore not allowing for the inflated prices of todays food which would also influence food choice. The Acheson Report (1998) advised government to have a greater responsibility in reducing nutrition related inequalities. The report emphasised the need to address not only changes at individual and family behavioural levels but also multi-sectoral action at national and local levels. Criticisms of the report say the recommendations were too similar to the Black Report of 1980. The main difference, noted by Exworthy (2002), is that the Acheson report was well received by the government. In conclusion, globalisation of the UK economy has led to a shift from a traditional industrial nation to a society with altered work and lifestyle patterns. This shift in patterns has led to changes in food consumption and opportunities for exercise. Those who are in low-income households are most affected. Low-income is a factor in particular for women, who may take several actions to ensure that their families are fed, including skipping meals and eating cheaper, less nutritious foods. Education and accessibility can play a key role in improvements. Many government interventions at national and local level have already been initiated, however, too many are individual focused and more needs to be done at a social level. References: Acheson, D. (1998). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report. From Department of Health. Published by The Stationary Office. ISBN 0 11 322173 8 American Psychological Association APA, (2005). Retrieved from website: https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/factsheet-women.aspx Big Fat Globalisation: Towards a Sociology of Obesity: Matt Qvortrup, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, 2003 Buckley, M., Cowan, C., McCarthy, M. (2007). The convenience food market in Great Britain: convenience food lifestyle (CFL) segments. Appetite, 49(3), 600-617. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.226 Christakis, N. A., Fowler, J. H. (2007). The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(4), 370-379. doi: doi:10.1056/NEJMsa066082 DEFRA (2011) Department for Environment, Food Rural Affairs. Family Food Statistics (2011). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-food-2011 Department of Health (2011). Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England. Healthy Lives, Healthy People: Our strategy for public health in England. Dowler, E. and N. Spencer. (2007). Challenging health inequalities: from Acheson to choosing health. Bristol: Policy Press. Dowler, E. (2008). Symposium on Intervention policies for deprived households Policy initiatives to address low-income households nutritional needs in the UK. University of Warwick, Coventry Dye L, Blundell JE (1997) Menstrual cycle and appetite control: implications for weight regulation. Human Reproduction 12(6):1142-51 Exworthy, M. (2002). The Second Black Report? The Acheson Report as Another Opportunity to Tackle Health Inequalities. Contemporary British History, 175-197. doi: citeulike-article-id:3388437 Germov, John, and Lauren Williams. 2009. A sociology of food and nutrition: the social appetite. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. Hales, C. N., Barker, D. J. (2001). The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Br Med Bull, 60, 5-20. Health Survey for England. (2004). The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups. NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre, Public Health Statistics Holmboe-Ottesen, G., Wandel, M. (2012). Changes in dietary habits after migration and consequences for health: a focus on South Asians in Europe. 2012. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.18891 Jennifer L Black, James Macinko (2008). Neighborhoods and obesity. Nutrition Reviews 66 (1), 2–20. D11oi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.00001.x Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey, (2007). Summary of Key Findings. Food Standards Agency. The Stationary Office Marmot, M. G. (2004). Tackling health inequalities since the Acheson Inquiry. J Epidemiol Community Health, 58(4), 262-263. doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.010264 Morris, M. A., Hulme, C., Clarke, G. P., Edwards, K. L., Cade, J. E. (2014). What is the cost of a healthy diet? Using diet data from the UK Womens Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 68(11), 1043-1049. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204039 National Obesity Observatory. (2011) Obesity and Ethnicity. NHS. www.noo.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_9444_Obesity_and_ethnicity_270111.pdf Sobal, J., Stunkard, A. J. (1989). Socioeconomic status and obesity: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull, 105(2), 260-275. Society for Neuroscience, (2012) Food for Thought: Obesity and Addiction. Retrieved from: http://www.brainfacts.org/Across-the-Lifespan/Diet-and-Exercise/Articles/2012/Food-for-Thought-Obesity-and-Addiction Weight Management Centre, (2010). Obesity a public health crisis. Retrieved from:www.wmc.uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/UK-Obesity-Epidemic.pdf Wilkinson, R. G., Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York: Bloomsbury Press. (Published 2009)

The Origins of the Samurai and Bushido Codes Essays -- Japanese Japan

The Origins of the Samurai and Bushido Codes "Explain the meanings and discuss the concepts and origins of Samurai and Bushido code, then relate these concepts towards the modern Japanese Soldier and Leader during World War 2 and show evidence to support that the Japanese soldier treated enemy prisoners exploiting Samurai and Bushido traditions." Bushido - ???- the feudal-military Japanese code of behavior; the way of the warrior [samurai] Japanese chivalry [knighthood] In order to understand bushido and its traditions, a comparison must be made between the 'traditional' bushido (idealistic) and the bushido code which was adopted into the Japanese military during World War II. The Japanese justified that the reason they treated the prisoners in a form of such brutality is because it's a part of their way of life, the concept of 'no one surrenders'. However if so surrendered then your life is pretty much hell, and according to the Japanese custom your family back home is brought shame. With the evidence from source material though, it seems that the Australians and very likely other nations in there prison camps understood what was going on around them. Indeed the Japanese breached the Geneva convention but what is it exactly, did the other countries follow it accordingly? The Japanese method of dealing with Allied prisoners was seen through the 'western eyes' as brutality, scum and inhumane. Yet by the same according to source material some Australi an soldiers recognized that the Japanese did what they did, and in some cases they exploited the true meaning of bushido or did they? To understand if the Japanese soldier and leaders in particular abuse the code of bushido, the traditional bushido must be looked at. "... ...the Japanese military in World War II and the spontaneous atrocities that occur in most other. There is much of the blame on the Japanese society and its interpretation of bushido that had virtually no concept of individual human rights, which found its epitome in the Japanese military, to whom the concept had no semantic value whatsoever. All orders were given "in the name of the Emperor", and so the leaders could never be questioned. Japanese soldiers tried as war criminals were genuinely shocked to have this defense set aside. Simply the fact that they would also attempt to kill themselves for the Emperor too. Either and Explotation of the Bushido code or the Japanese just saught revenge on the white race, due to race relations maybe because the Japanese were looked upon as yellow people from Asia like the Chinese and not capable to fight a 'western country'.

April Morning :: essays research papers

April Morning is a story about a boy’s extremely rapid transformation from boyhood to manhood. There are a few significant events that can sum up the whole of his metamorphosis. These include the death of Adam’s father, Adam’s time with Solomon Chandler, and his experience during the battle against the Recoat soldiers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a boy’s father dies, the impact of this can be very traumatic. When a death happens, a very large piece of one’s life dies with it. Adam Cooper’s father is a very important character in this novel. The presence of Adam’s father, Moses, shows how Adam is still a boy under the thumb of an adult, yet, when Moses is killed on the common, his absence propels Adam into a new phase of his life. At Moses Cooper’s death, the men of the village are lined up in formation on the common. Not one man in that group expected to fight the British. However, the British opened fire upon the column of villagers. The first to perish is Moses Cooper. Adam sees this, but he does not have time to mourn just yet. Adam runs from the common, away from the Redcoats, and to the first refuge he can find. The first shelter he finds is the smokehouse. It is at this point after the massacre on the common that Adam finally has time to think about what happen s. The reality finally sets in, and Adam lets out his emotions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solomon Chandler is also a very influential character in Adam’s development after his ordeal at the common. Solomon’s calm attitude and words of wisdom helped Adam cope with the pain from his father’s death. Solomon tells Adam to let out his emotions because that is normal. He also explains to Adam why he should have a deep sense of respect for his fears, which are the Redcoat soldiers, and the only way to overcome them is to face them. During the whole period of time when Adam and Solomon are walking through the countryside, Solomon acts as a shoulder for Adam to cry on. Solomon is also a temporary â€Å"replacement† for Adam’s father in that he acts as a father figure towards Adam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The large retaliation attack mounted by the colonists ended the immediate English threat in the region. Adam does not play a major role in the outcome of the battle, however the battle plays a major role in Adam’s development.

Drinking Water Shortage and Water Conservation Essay -- Drinking Water

Human beings and ecological systems depend on water for survival (Kenneth). No human, animal or plant can survive for long without this essential commodity. For us humans, water is the driving engine of most of our economic and recreational activities. For instance, we depend on water for the production of energy in industries, transportation and outdoor recreation. Most of us equally depend on water for the provision of amenity and cultural values. Barlow and Clarke state that one cannot simply whisk away the crisis of fresh water we have in the world today (25). For us, fresh water is very essential for direct consumption. A huge majority of plants and animals also depend on fresh water for survival. Experts predict that if we do not take good care of our water resources, a huge water crisis is in the offing. Since life generally depends on water, it is imperative upon us to adopt solutions that will foster water conservation. Fresh water is a fixed natural resource (Gleick 3). This implies that the supply of fresh water we have in our hydrological cycle cannot go up. According to Barlow and Clarke, almost everything that is being done in the industrialized world has the potential of worsening the already existing fresh water crisis (206). By failing to conserve the water we use, we stand the risk of exhausting all the fresh water we depend on. Studies have already shown that we are quickly running out of fresh water supply world over. This is as a result of dwindling water levels in rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. The consequences of lack of fresh water for consumption are far reaching. For instance, there would be increased cases of waterborne diseases, decreased economic output, reduced agricultural productivity ... ...A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 3. Print. Jackson, S. Ron. Conserve Water, Drink Wine: Recollections of a Vinous Voyage of Discovery. New York: Routledge, 1997. 34. Print. Kenneth, Frederick. "America's Water Supply: Status and Prospects for the Future." U.S. Global Change Research Information Office. N.p., 11 Nov 2004. Web. 7 Apr 2015. . McCarthy, John. "The Problem of Fresh Water." Stanford University. N.p., 16 Jan. 1996. Web. 7 Apr 2015. . McGovern, Cheryl, and Bastian Robert. "Water Recycling and Reuse: The Environmental Benefits." United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Pacific Southwest, 24 Mar. 2008. Web. 7 Apr 2015. .

Biggest problem in america is the economy Essay

Unfortunately, this topic has now been â€Å"politicized,† which means that you can’t talk about it without being instantly cheered or jeered by fans of each respective political team. But the economy is much more important than this year’s election or either political team. There are several factors that have come together to produce a frustratingly weak economy that has persisted in the United States for more than a decade. One of those things are â€Å"Globalization†. It opened up a vast pool of billions of workers who for way less than Americans because they’re desperate. This messes up everything, it has resulted in companies shifting formerly middle wage paying jobs overseas. Another is Technology it has continued to increase productivity, allowing companies to do more with fewer employees. These and other factors have contributed to the most radical redistribution of wealth that the United States has ever seen. Since the late 1970s, the country’s assets and income have moved steadily from â€Å"average† Americans to the richest Americans. This has created a society with more extreme wealth inequality than we have seen at any time since the 1920s. Fairness aside, the problem with this state of affairs is that it leaves hundreds of millions of American consumers the real engines of the economy with little money to spend. With consumers having little money to spend, businesses suffer. As businesses suffer, they look for ways to cut costs. And this, in turn, hurts employees (consumers) even more. One thing to keep in mind as we think about how to fix this state of affairs is that this is not an era in which everyone is suffering. Everyone is not suffering. Big companies and their owners and senior managers are not suffering. They are doing great. Big companies and their owners and senior managers, in fact, are doing better that the have done at any time in  history, at least judging by the amount of profit they are producing. It’s everyone else who is getting hosed. Now, in the current political environment, you can’t make an observation like that without being pegged as an anti-business â€Å"socialist† or â€Å"communist.† So, it’s important to emphasize that there is nothing anti-business about this observation. I just don’t believe that great businesses exist solely to capture â€Å"profits† and steer cash into the pockets of their owners. When a free-market economy is functioning well, as the American economy did for most of the 1950s, 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s, the benefits of the system accrue to all participants, namely: Owners and senior managers Customers Employees Society at large When the system gets out of balance, however, the benefits begin to accrue disproportionately to one or two of of the constituencies at the expense of the others and that’s the situation we’re in now. The benefits of our free-market capitalist system which, by the way, is the best economic system on the planet, by a mile are accruing disproportionately to owners, managers, and customers, at the expense of everyone else. If we actually want to put some effort into fixing our economy, we have to fix that. Specifically, we have to persuade companies and their owners to hire more employees and share more of their immense wealth and profits with them. Most importantly, companies don’t need to do this just for altruistic reasons (though no one would object if they did). If enough companies do this, they will not just help their employees. They will help their future sales growth. Because their employees and customers, the American consumers, will then have more money to spend. Bibliography sources Internet†¨Online ads Encyclopedia

Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Essay

At any given moment during the day, decisions such as which brand of merchandise to purchase, which color paint to select, or what cable service provider to go with are being made by consumers. The selection and behaviors of the consumers go beyond their personal preferences and has been studied by psychologists for over a century. Knowing what appeals to consumers and what their preferences are is a crucial part of the business’s success. In Exploration relationships between adoption of new consumer products and relationship marketing by Sarabi, Ahmadi, & Moradi , the relationship between a consumer’s demographic variables and product selection discussed. A second article, Scenes of Consumer Psychology by Rachel Bowlby discusses how consumer psychology presents itself in marketing techniques. Consumer Psychology The specialty that examines the influences a person’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions have on their buying habits is known as consumer psychology. A consumer’s demographic information, how they perceive advertisements, brand exposure, and economic status are just a few factors that can affect their decision making process. In order learn more about the behaviors of buyers, consumer psychologists and businesses can conduct surveys; organize focus groups, send out questionnaires, or through direct observation. If a business can identify the buying habits and influences of their regular customers, they are presented with the opportunity to retain their business while make themselves and the customer happy. Psychological concepts discussed In their article, Exploration relationships between adoption of new consumer products and relationship marketing, Sarabi, Ahmadi, & Moradi argue that consumers’ characteristics affect their buying habits. According to Sarabi, Ahmadi & Moradi (2013), â€Å"Empirical research has demonstrated that social-demographic characteristics have significant influence on NPA behavior and suggests that younger, higher income and better educated consumers tend to accept market innovations more quickly† (para. 2). Another factor that influences their likeliness to buy or accept new  products is the image portrayed. For example, if sports fan sees their favorite player endorsing a sports drink, they may be more likely to purchase or try that brand of drink. In the second article, Scenes of consumer psychology by Rachel Bowlby, she discusses the presentation of consumer psychology in marketing. According to Bowlby, there are two types of consumers; romantic and classical. Bowlby states that romantic consumers are those who are influenced by their emotions. Does the product make them happy or feel a certain way? Does it make them feel nostalgic or affluent? The majority of society would be considered romantic consumers. Classical consumers, on the other hand, are those who look for the security and savings. They look for the simplest and most direct way to achieve their goal. When looking for a new cell phone the classical consumer may decide to go with the flip phone that doesn’t allow you to download a bunch of applications. However, the romantic consumer may start with the goal of buying a simple phone but is drawn in by the excitement of all the extras a smart phone may have to offer, even if not needed. Relationship between consumer psychology and marketing What both articles aim to show is that a person’s emotions and environment can influence their buying habits. If a business can identify emotional triggers in their regular customers, then they are able to keep them coming back. Another way a business can retain that business is by offering products that are within their regular customer’s socio-economic status. For example, my family owns a women’s clothing store. We see a wide range of customers for all walks of life. After building our business and customer base, we started to recognize faces and learn a little about them. Through observations and asking the right questions, we were able to determine that a large portion of our customer base was lower-middle class. We also found that we had many romantic-buyers who would see nice things that were affordable. One item that has appealed to our customer base is a brand of jeans that we carry. The name brand jean can cost over $100 per pair in a department store, but they are able to get a similar item for half the cost. Seeing that they were able to afford more and still get quality merchandise has made them more likely to purchase multiple items from us and continue to shop in our store. Conclusion Knowing what is important to customers is a critical component of business ownership. Both articles discussed have shown a relationship between consumers buying trends and how their decisions can be affected by their experience and opinions. Whether a consumer is basing his decision on logic or how the product makes them feel, it is the job of the merchant to learn their customer base to provide products that will make both types of customers happy and coming back for more. REFERENCES Bowlby, R. (1992). Scenes from consumer psychology. Critical Quarterly, 34(4), 51-64. Sarabi, S., Ahmadi, F., & Moradi, M. A. (2013). Exploration relationship between adoption of new consumer products and relationship marketing. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(2), 80-89. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1426053966?accountid=458

Rei Sustainability Case

To: Council of Executive Vice Presidents Date: 1th of November, 2012 From: Anders F? dder Subject: Evaluation of REI’s sustainability goals I am writing in response to your inquiry regarding the plausibility of maintaining the continuous growth of the company as well as satisfying its sustainability goals. The following sections will address the three issues, mentioned by top management, by first describing them, then interpreting them and lastly they will be evaluated.Conclusion and recommendations will be based on this. REI focus greatly on the impact that their business has on the environment. They continuously work on finding new and innovative solution that will help reduce these negative effects. Their corporate mission emphasises this commitment: â€Å"At REI, we inspire, educate and outfit for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship† REI’s stewardship priorities: * Encourage the active conservation of nature Inspire the responsible use and enjoyme nt of the outdoors * Enhance the natural world and our communities through responsible business practices * Foster opportunities to increase participation in human-powered outdoor recreation * Maintain REI as an employer of choice, where employees are highly engaged in the vision of the company and are representative of our communities The CEO, Kevin Hagen, also stated that these financial and environmental goals and aspiration must be met without sacrificing either. Hagen advocated shifting to a framework of â€Å"no tradeoffs† thus making a paradigm shift; Innovation over compromise.Issue 1 First issue is whether the company’s stated sustainability goals and aspirations are consistent with its corporate mission and its stated stewardship objectives that are listed above. REI sustainability goals focus on three areas; energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint) and reduction of waster to landfills. The company plans to add water, toxics, land use an d social impact to this list in near future. Each of these areas has an aspiration for 2020, a goal for 2015 and a budget for the current year. Energy consumptionREI has taken different initiatives to increase their energy efficiency by switching to new renewable power sources wherever possible. They mission is to keep their energy consumption at a fixed level despite opening new stores. One the ways they do this is by investing in self-generation options such as solar technology. Their ways of managing their energy use and increasing efficiency include: * Solar technology in many of our stores * Lighting: * Elimination of all incandescent bulbs from our retail stores * Installation of highly energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures * Greater reliance on skylights and natural lighting Heating & cooling (HVAC): * Aggressive retrofitting and replacement of outdated HVAC equipment with sophisticated new models * Centralized monitoring * Energy-saving techniques such as on-demand ventilation and airflow * Measurement of our stores' energy efficiency against similar buildings nationwide with the ENERGY STAR benchmarking tool Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) The aspiration for 2020 concerning GHG was to be climate neutral. Their goal for 2015 was to cut GHG by 50 percent compared to 2010 emissions. The budget for each year was a specific target in tons of CO2 that was defined by the 2015 goal.REI looked at many aspects of their business in order to reach this goal. These were not limited by their own specific action within REI. They look beyond themselves and try to change the way their employees and suppliers act to. The list include: employee commuting and travel, travel by customers participating in REI Adventures programs from their homes to the site of program, transportation of products from vendors to the company and shipments to customers. However, they have not included customer transportation to and from the stores.REI provides meaningful incentives for their empl oyees to reduce the environmental impacts of commuting and corporate travel. These include: * A 50 percent transit subsidy * Showers and secure bike storage at every REI facility * Telecommuting options at our headquarters location * Web conferencing and other technology tools In 2011, REI partnered with The Nature Conservancy to implement an afforestation project on the Bayou Bartholomew property in Louisiana, which will restore forest continuity with the adjacent Chemin-a-Haut State Park.Funding provided voluntarily by REI Adventures will finance the future retirement of carbon offsets from this project. Through this effort, REI supported The Nature Conservancy's restoration of this forest ecosystem, as well as the design of a carbon project. This carbon project has been validated and registered through a credible third-party certification system (the Verified Carbon Standard). The effort will contribute to long-term systemic change, benefitting the atmosphere and the forest ecosy stem, and has been designed to produce verifiable carbon offsets in the future.Though REI would seek new and innovative solutions to all aspects within the company, there is at least one were they could only offset rather than reduce. REI’s largest source of GHG emissions was REI Adventures which generated 31 percent of its total, namely flying members to adventure destinations. This exception was dealt with by purchasing carbon offsets as a part of the travel package, paid by REI. Reduction of waste to landfills REI aspiration for 2020 was to have no waste to landfills and cut waste to landfills by half between 2010 and 2015.In order to achieve this, they strive to make their packaging shipping operations as efficient as possible. They work with vendors, shipping companies and industry colleagues to pioneer new approaches to this complex situation. One example of this is how they reinvented the way bicycles were packaged and shipped. The bikes, shipped in cardboard boxes fro m china, was packaged in parts and assembled at one location in the US from where they were sent to the stores. The extensive packing, taped and stapled together, held the parts and assembled bikes securely but was difficult to assemble and disassemble.REI revised this process in way that allowed them to reuse the carton over and over again. Essentially, the same cartons that was used from the manufacturer in China, was used throughout the supply chain and returned to China, to once again be use. Thereby recycling all the materials rather than sending it to landfills. This decreased the cardboard consumption by more than 60 percent. Additionally they saved more than $1 million in annual labour hours due to reduced time required to pack and unpack bikes. Recap REI saw a rise in its net carbon impact during 2010.But the increase was smaller than overall company growth during the year, as measured by sales. Overall, the company used 2. 4% less energy in its facilities, despite adding f our new stores and relocating two retail locations to larger spaces. Other sustainability efforts include purchasing 58. 4% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper fiber, and recycling 74% of total operational waste, including more than 95% at REI’s two distribution centers. Community efforts included 109,785 volunteer hours committed through 541 REI-hosted conservation projects to plant trees, restore trails, and clean parks and streams.The company also funded $3. 7 million in grants provided to 330 nonprofit partners with a focus on conservation and outdoor recreation. However, REI is transferring renewable energy certificates generated by their solar panels. Since they do not claim credit for reducing carbon when doing so, this is creating a problem in terms of reaching carbon zero. A challenge they must overcome if they intend to reach their aspirations. REI could further reduce their GHG by reevaluating the use of New Zealand as a destination. Many locations on North American (e. g.Alaska, Canada, and the Rocky Mountains) continent have similar location to offer, and seeing that New Zealand is half away around the world, this could be an effective substitution. Exhibit three displays the progress of reaching the 2015 goals. Is shows the actual status of all three areas in e. g. the first quarter of 2011, the plan for 2011, the trajectory for 2015 and the goal for 2015. Though the trajectories for 2015 for all three are above the goal, one can see from the actual status for 2011, that they are all fairly close if not under the plan for the same year.So despite the gloom trajectory for 2015 REI is indeed on the right path. Issue 2 The second issue was identifying the potential risks with REI adopting the â€Å"No Trade-offs† approach articulated by the corporate social responsibility group, seen from a managerial performance measurement perspective. The â€Å"No trade-offs† approach presents several risks. It can prove be expen sive, not only in the solutions required to fulfil but also the hours it take to reach them. As the CEO aspires innovation over comprise, the employees will always have to look for new ways of performing tasks.This takes time and time is money. This is also a very black and white approach leaving none or very little wiggle room. The employees need to stay within the parameters and in some cases they might be looking for solutions that are simply not there. Again, this is time consuming and will undoubtedly make REI miss out on additional earnings lost by looking in other fixed directions. REI has set the bar high and this might also have a negative effect on the people working to find the solutions. If the goals seem too impossible, it might demotivate rather than inspire thus lowering the morale among the workforce.However, by setting a more reasonable goal for 2015 this is somewhat counteracted. Recap So there are several risks by the â€Å"No trade-off† approach, but REI s eems to get around them. The company is still growing and still finding ways to lower their influence on the environment. The Workplace section also notes that REI has been included on Fortune magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for† list for 14 consecutive years. The company has a 79% employee retention rate. Issue 3 The third issue was to evaluate the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission.The goals for environmental sustainability were set by the office of CEO. They were included in the company’s non-financial KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). The CSR group is tasked to carry them out, however they also make the recommendation to the office of the CEO on which the goals are based. This could create internal problematic situation as it is the same people who make the recommendations for the goals as well as carrying them, though some tasks are overseen by other departments than CSR.However, REI take a comprehensive view of their environmental impact using a framework that reflects the work of the Outdoor Industry Association’s Eco Working Group. They have established key performance metrics for e. g. the three before mentioned areas, and in 2011, they implemented measurement and reporting tools that enables them to forecast, budget and review their progress in these areas. These metrics tie directly into strategic and financial planning for key REI divisions, and results are assessed quarterly by company leadership.REI also became a member of bluesign technologies in 2008. The program requires tight manufacturing controls in mills and factories in order to be certified. This approach will provide greater supply chain transparency in support of REI's goal of reducing the environmental impact of its products. The transparency will also allow them to make a more precise assessment of their impact, as they will have greater access to their suppliers’ information regarding manufacturi ng. Recap Based on this I deem the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission as high.

My Future Plans Essay

As a current senior in high school, I have reached the point where it is time for me to decide what I want to do with my life. Â  Throughout my four years in high school, I have been intrigued by a variety of different paths such as teaching, marine science, and even journalism. Â  After growing up a little and taking a better notice of my interests and likings, I have noticed my love for sports, fitness, and health. Â  My first plan for the future is to graduate from Oakland Mills High School and receive my high school diploma. Â  After this I will attend East Carolina University, or ECU, in Greenville, NC. I want to major in exercise science and minor in exercise physiology. My first few years in college I would like to gain experience in the field by obtaining a work-study position that will help me develop new skills in exercise science work such as a student athletic trainer. I would also like to play club lacrosse for ECU during my four years there. Â  Either my junior or senior year in college I would like to study abroad in Europe. Â  I hope to get work-study on campus my freshmen year so I can save up money by the time this comes around. Â  After four or five years of school I would hope to graduate with a bachelors degree. Â  After graduation I do not want to settle down right away. Â   I would either want to volunteer for the peace core abroad for a year in the Middle East or travel on my own, if possible. Â  After this I would want to move back to Maryland or D.C. so I can be close to my family. Â  I would like to either get a job in training, therapy, or coaching. Â  While the future is undecided and unknown, it is a time for changes and new things. Â  Although I know it will be a long journey I will remain open to all possibilities and be proactive while continuing to asses all of my options.

Why There Would Be No People Without Plants Essay

Why There Would Be No People Without Plants - Essay Example Both the plants and human beings are said to be living in a balanced state together. The plants use the carbon dioxide released by the human beings to their advantage and release oxygen. The plants have leaves which have a structure known as stomata. This stomata is a microscopic structure which helps in taking carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in the environment. Stomata ensure that the needs of the plants are fulfilled by taking in the necessary amount of gases and elements. These stomata are also referred to as the mouth of the plants because it helps in the intake of water, carbon dioxide and oxygen as necessary. It also helps in serving food to the plants by converting carbon dioxide into sugar via the process of photosynthesis. This essay would revolve around the significance of plants in the lives of the human beings (Smith 2010; Corner 1966). Plants undergo different processes to produce oxygen and these processes also help to make food for the plants themselves. While carbon dioxide is converted into sugar by the plants the process of transpiration also takes place simultaneously to release water vapors. Transpiration helps the plant to breathe in carbon dioxide because of the water that it releases. Light is also necessary for plants to produce food and oxygen. In the world today different gases exist together in the atmosphere including oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is necessary that these gases are balanced together so that human beings can exist. Plants balance these gases in the environment by the process of photosynthesis and respiration. In night when the plants do not have enough light they start producing carbon dioxide and take in oxygen. This helps to balance the gases in the environment and thus help the human beings to exist (Corner 1966). At many instances people tend to ask as to why do human beings really need oxygen for life. The answer for it can be found in the basic physiology of the human body. As human beings inhale

Research methods (inferential methods) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research methods (inferential methods) - Essay Example It is possibly influenced by the intervening variable as well. Unit of Analysis: Whereas the independent variable is nominal and can only take the value of either Science or otherwise, the dependent variable is ordinal. This can be divided into a five point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Since the response to this study and the assessment of the study is on individuals, this has to be looked at as individual cases. The dependent variable can become continuous while interpreting. Sampling: The sampling size can be a larger fraction of the population because the target population is smaller. Of the science graduates nearly 20% of them can be taken up as samples. Only then the results will also be dependable. The sampling has to be random within a stratification formed ideally of genders. Validity: The survey will be valid if the assumption is right. That is, to say, if the people are not travelling in public transport or do not walk down to the university, then they are lazy is right. Under this condition, the survey will hold good. However, this could be questioned by the intervening variable that has already been set. The above graph indicates the age distribution in the Bradford 041A area. The above graph indicates that the demographic shift is moving towards more of middle aged and older people in the Bradford 041A region. ... This shows that the terraced bungalows are the most common ones in the region. The above graph indicates the economic activity of the Bradford 041A region. This indicates there are a larger number of economically active people who are working full time and the self employed or enterpreneural spirit is in a few people comparitively which is even less than the unemployed. 3. Survey questions Survey 1: Sampling mobile opinion - postcard questionnaire survey The topic chosen for the survey is very interesting. The methodology has been designed very well. Generally post card surveys may not give the adequate response for a number of reasons that are beyond the control of the researcher. For instance, there could be a set of postcards that might have been responded well but may not have reached the researcher due to the vagaries of the postal system or might not been dropped in the post box due to negligence or forgetfulness. When we employ the FARCE system, F, A & R might be correct and well designed but the aspects of engaging and connecting (C & E) with the respondent is not there. Hence the level of accuracy is certainly less. The advantage with this system is that not much of time and energy is expended by the researcher. Survey 2: Conference survey of professionals - online survey With the advent of internet, this is one of the most popular surveys undertaken by researchers. The advantages are many: Firstly, the reach is far and wide and the survey can be completed in a few days time. Secondly the analytical part of the survey is also done immediately. This sort of a survey is a sophisticated form of the postcard survey. The only difference is that, in the 'FARCE' context, F, A, R & C is taken in to account and E may or may not be left out. E can

Philosophy Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Philosophy Ethics - Essay Example On the contrary, those with slave morality do make villains out of their masters and wish to make them slaves as well. Notably, master morality is associated with the powerful and the strong individuals, whereas slave morality represents the weak willed who are oppressed and abused, and they are expected to be submissive to their masters. However, both slave and master morality are expressive to will to power but differently in that, master morality â€Å"is the explicit recognition of the will to power whereas slave morality shows its will to power in the explicit denial of value of power† (Solomon 131). Accordingly, Nietzsche associate master morality with the nobles whereas slave morality with the herds. Nietzsche’s concept of master-slave morality provides an understanding of the conflicts between societies, and Nietzsche claims that master and slave morality have resulted to conflicts experienced in the society. He believes that there are always conflicts between t he slaves and their masters or a strong group versus a weak group of individuals in the society. Nietzsche’s works on the death of God reveals that he believed in a literal death of God. By declaring that God is dead, Nietzsche implies that people’s beliefs and need for God is dead, and with the death of God, human beings are looking for something to replace Him such as scepticism, nihilism, utilitarianism among others. The death of God signifies a break in the past and new non-metaphysical unity among others (Stauffer and Bettina 239); more so, Nietzsche’s argument about the death of God emphasizes the significance of losing faith. Arguably, the death of God signifies the decline of religion and the rise of atheism, therefore, Nietzsche claims that the absence of high moral authority would lead to chaos in the world. Nietzsche claims that the death of God signifies the reversal of nihilism (Stauffer and Bettina 239), and so he argues that the western world enti rely depends on the rule of God to give the society order and meaning to life and so His death would force the society to accept nihilism which he considers dangerous. Nietzsche argues that values are important for the wellbeing and existence of humans, and so by transformation of all values, Nietzsche meant that Christianity is not just a religion but also a predominant moral system of the western world. More so, Nietzsche states that Christianity elevates the weak over the strong; therefore, in the Antichrist, he condemns Christianity and calls for the revaluation of all values. Therefore, by transformation of all values, Nietzsche is addressing the Christians and those supporting Christianity. Q.2 The term gyn/ecology refers to the science of womankind as proposed by males (Daly 9); and according to Daly, gyn/ecology was an attempt to see through the deceptive and confusing patriarchal thinking about good and bad. More so, it focuses on the atrocities against women globally and i n all periods of patriarchy and shows that they are interconnected. In short, Daly’s work gyn/ecology  was concerned with the process of women’s becoming and the demotic obstacles to this process, the deceptive myths as well as the sadistic practices of patriarchal culture. Moreover, Daly explored the deadly myths that interfere with the minds of women and she recounts both the physical and psychological destruction of